Intentional AI systems: The difference between AI agents and agentic AI

Beyond the buzz of generative AI and chatbots, a new kind of artificial intelligence that goes beyond task automation is taking shape. It’s not just a new category of technology but a shift in how IT and operations teams think about decision-making, adaptability and outcomes. We’re moving from systems that execute commands to systems that understand purpose and can adjust plans when reality pushes back.

For enterprises, this evolution bridges a critical gap between automation and intelligence. It signals the arrival of agentic AI — a design approach that allows systems to reason, plan and act with intent.

Agentic AI represents a breakthrough in artificial intelligence design. It builds upon the concept of AI agents but adds memory, reasoning, adaptability and autonomy. These systems do more than just execute actions. They pursue goals, learning and refining their approach as they go.

Inspired by human agency

The term agentic refers to human-like initiative — the ability to set goals, plan ahead, evaluate outcomes and self-correct. Agentic AI systems are modeled after this behavior. They’re measured by outcomes, not only steps completed.

They exhibit four defining traits:

• Goal orientation: Their actions are guided by high-level objectives, not just single-step commands.
• Reasoning and planning: They can analyze a situation, break it into steps and modify the plan if they encounter an obstacle.
• Tool use: They interact with external software, APIs or orchestration layers to execute tasks in the real world.
• Self-correction: They reflect on their results, recognize errors and adapt their strategy to improve outcomes. Under the hood, they combine AI models and algorithms that keep checking whether each step serves the goal.

These capabilities exist within a continuous agentic loop — a cycle of planning, acting, observing and refining. It mirrors how humans solve complex problems, and it underpins frameworks such as ReAct (Reason + Act), which combines reasoning with tool-based execution. Think of a site reliability engineer diagnosing an outage: it’s the same loop of check, try, observe, adjust.

How agentic AI works

Agentic AI brings together large language models (LLMs), machine learning (ML) and automation frameworks to reason about context and act accordingly.

Using real-time data, an agentic system can:

• Decompose a complex goal into smaller tasks
• Use APIs or automation tools to complete each step
• Monitor outputs and assess whether it’s meeting its objective
• Adjust the plan or retry failed actions autonomously

For example, in an enterprise SAP workflow, an agentic AI system tasked with ensuring a daily materials management process completes successfully could:

• Detect performance issues or delayed job chains
• Re-sequence dependent tasks automatically
• Request additional resources from the cloud
• Validate that the process completes and log every decision

Unlike rule-based automation, these systems operate in context and continuously refine their strategy to stay aligned with the objective.

Traditional workload automation systems were designed for predictable, repetitive processes. They schedule jobs, manage dependencies and ensure that nightly runs or batch tasks complete. But as enterprises expand across hybrid environments, processes have become far less predictable.

Conditional workflows, delayed triggers and shifting data dependencies can break static automation. Agentic AI resolves this by introducing dynamic decision-making into orchestration. It doesn’t wait for a human to untangle the queue.

Take a scenario in SAP Integrated Business Planning (IBP):

1. An overnight planning job exceeds its runtime threshold
2. A conventional scheduler simply logs the delay
3. An agentic system identifies the slowdown, reprioritizes dependent workflows and spins up temporary compute resources — in real time

This is the shift from static plans to real-time adaptability and goal-oriented orchestration, where agents keep critical operations aligned with business goals. Agentic AI transforms workload automation from reactive to adaptive, ensuring efficient outcomes no matter how conditions change.

Preparing for agentic AI requires more than installing a model or deploying an API. It’s a full-stack shift that combines technical modernization, organizational maturity and responsible governance. Enterprise teams should begin building the right environment where intelligent agents will one day be able to act safely, effectively and transparently.

Unlike traditional AI projects, where a system generates outputs and humans decide what to do with them, agentic systems take action. That difference demands a stronger foundation: a blend of control, context and adaptability.

1. Build a secure, scalable infrastructure

Agentic AI systems operate continuously, accessing tools, data and APIs across hybrid environments. That means they depend on an infrastructure that is both robust and transparent. This is a core pillar of any successful digital transformation.

To prepare your stack:

• Modernize access control: Agents often need system-level permissions. Implement role-based access, OAuth tokens and least-privilege principles to prevent overreach.
• Ensure observability and isolation: Each agent’s actions should be traceable and auditable. Use containerization or virtual sandboxes to isolate processes and prevent cross-system conflicts.
• Design for elasticity: Agents adapt to workload demands in real time, scaling up during heavy orchestration windows and scaling down during idle periods. Cloud-native architectures with autoscaling and event-driven triggers are ideal.
• Prioritize data integrity and latency: Since agents reason based on live information, ensure that data feeds are low-latency and validated. Outdated data leads to outdated decisions.

Think of this as building the “ecosystem” where autonomous processes can think and act safely. Without these foundations, even the most advanced AI logic becomes brittle.

2. Establish deep orchestration and context awareness

An agent can only act intelligently if it understands where and why it’s acting. That context comes from strong orchestration frameworks and high-quality metadata. Agentic systems rely on context, meaning they can interpret dependencies between jobs, business processes and service-level objectives.

To achieve that:

• Integrate across systems: Connect data pipelines, workload schedulers and ERP applications so the agent has a unified view of the environment.
• Embed semantic understanding: Give agents access to metadata, documentation and run histories through knowledge graphs or retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).
• Monitor the orchestration graph: Instead of focusing on single job runs, enable visibility into relationships — how one failure or delay impacts others downstream.
• Enable feedback loops: Collect operational telemetry that agents can analyze to refine future decisions.

When properly orchestrated, agentic AI understands the narrative of your workflows and aligns its actions with business goals.

3. Strengthen governance and human-in-the-loop oversight

Even in a self-directed system, humans remain essential. Governance provides the boundaries that keep agentic AI reliable, auditable and aligned with organizational ethics. It’s like how traffic laws apply to self-driving cars. When uncertainty is high, the agent should escalate to human operators for review and approval. This isn’t a failure of automation, but a feature of smart design that allows for strategic human intervention.

Key governance practices include:

• Defining agent roles and permissions: Not every agent needs full autonomy. Some may act within narrow parameters, while others can make end-to-end operational decisions.
• Setting guardrails and fallback logic: When uncertainty is high, such as incomplete data or conflicting outcomes, the agent should escalate to human operators.
• Maintaining transparent decision logs: Every action, data reference and reasoning step should be captured. This ensures accountability and compliance with internal and regulatory standards.
• Implementing explainability and traceability: Enterprises should be able to answer the question, “Why did the agent make this decision?” without manual reverse engineering.

Human-in-the-loop structures make autonomy safe. Operators can intervene strategically while allowing agents to handle the routine.

4. Integrate agentic capabilities into existing automation ecosystems

The good news is you don’t need to start from scratch. Modern workload automation platforms, RPA bots and event-driven pipelines can serve as the foundation layer for agentic intelligence. You’re layering AI-driven reasoning on top of proven execution.

To integrate agentic AI effectively:

• Leverage APIs and plug-ins: Let agents interact with existing orchestration or ITSM platforms instead of rebuilding logic.
• Embed reasoning layers on top of automation tools: Use large language models to interpret logs, analyze dependencies and make informed orchestration decisions.
• Adopt modular architecture: Keep agent reasoning separate from execution systems to preserve security and maintainability.
• Align with observability tools: Connect agents to monitoring dashboards so they can detect anomalies and act proactively.

The goal isn’t to replace automation but to enhance it with cognition, allowing orchestration tools to act not only efficiently but intelligently.